The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster risk management plan Case Study

The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster chance administration plan - Case Study Example From the information gave, apparently a hazard the board plan was in presence. A portion of the administration plans were applied while a portion of the plans were not material because of certain reasons. One of the instances of a hazard the board plan was to structure a space transport program that would use both the fluid and strong charges. The fluid charge framework is increasingly dependable when contrasted with the strong force framework. The progression of the fluid force from the capacity tanks to the motor can be choked and closed down if there should arise an occurrence of crisis while a strong charge can't work in a similar way. One of the downsides related with the fluid charges was that they are nearly costly than the strong fuels and consequently it was unthinkable for NASA to enlist a framework absolutely useful on fluid force. A blend of the two was made. In 1972, NASA picked Rocker for the structure of the orbiter. As per numerous industry heads, the Rocker bundle did exclude a departure framework. A getaway framework is compelling and important if there should arise an occurrence of crises. NASA authorities disregarded the departure framework and thus the Space Shuttle Program turned into the principal the first U.S. airplane which did exclude a getaway framework for the team. As per Mr. Moore, (NASA's representative manager for space flight), climate assumes a significant job. As indicated by him, the particulars on the breeze speed should be checked so as to abstain from surpassing of crosswinds. This is done with the goal that the officers can have an away from of the runway, etc. So as to stay away from any mishaps that might be identified with climate, crosswinds limits are kept up. These issues plainly upgrade the task the board factor. A portion of the hazard the board plans were suggested though some of them couldn't be fortified. 2. Would there had been a superior method to deal with chance administration arranging at NASA expecting sixteen flights for every year, twenty live flights for each year or as initially arranged, sixty flights for each year Why is the quantity of flights every year basic in structuring a formalized hazard the board plan The organizer that was initially arranged involved sixteen flights for every year. With the expansion in flights, the administrative work would in general increment. The necessity for paper work finishing was that it should be submitted around multi week before each flight. The expansion in paper work implied that the achievement of objectives was getting troublesome. With the expansion in administrative work, the detailing of a hazard the executives plan was practically inconceivable in light of the fact that half of the time was expended in the desk work of the flights. The representatives of NASA were endeavoring to adapt up to the desk work which was expanding with the expansion in the quantity of flights. Increment in desk work implied that the faculty needed to stay at work longer than required which incorporated the ends of the week. As per an official update that was sent from Scot Stein to Bob Lund the administrative work was making it hard for them to deal with the issues and defining a hazard the executives plan since a fraction of the time was taken up by the desk work. He said that it was important to make

Mini Case Assignment 1 free essay sample

CEG GSB 703 Mini Case Assignment #1 Adam Ohanesian Email: Adam. [emailprotected] edu Table of Contents I. Planned jobs of every one of the establishments and go-betweens. a. Investors b. Venture Bank Underwriters c. Sell-Side Analysts d. Purchase Side Analysts and Portfolio Managers e. Bookkeeping Profession f. FASB II. Appropriately adjusted motivating forces g. Financial speculators h. Venture Bank Underwriters I. Sell-Side Analysts j. Purchase Side Analysts k. Portfolio Managers l. Changes III. Web Stock Market Bubble Responsibility m. My supposition n. Financial speculators evidence . Venture Bank Underwriters confirmation p. Sell-Side Analysts verification q. Purchase Side Analysts verification IV. Costs r. Speculators s. Representatives t. Organizations 1. What is the expected job of every one of the establishments and go-betweens examined for the situation for the successful working of capital markets? The job of the investor is to give cash-flow to organizations in their begi nning periods of improvement. They expect a high pace of profit for their venture which is finished by offering their stake to the general population through an IPO or to another organization in an exchange. They screen great business thoughts and innovative groups from awful ones. Likewise, they help organizations until they arrived at a point where they are prepared to confront the open markets after an IPO. The job of the venture bank financier is to offer warning money related types of assistance, assist organizations with evaluating their contributions, endorse the offers, and acquaint them with speculators. The job of the sell-side expert is to distribute investigate on open organizations, make purchase or sell proposals on stocks, and work with the purchase side investigators giving examination before the organization opens up to the world. The job of the purchase side expert is to lead industry inquire about, speak with the organization supervisory group, make income gauges, direct valuation investigation, and rate organization stock costs as â€Å"buy† or â€Å"sell†. The job of the portfolio chief is to really oversee cash under proposals of the examiners. The job of the bookkeeping calling is to review the fiscal summaries of open organizations to confirm the exactness and ensure there is no misrepresentation. They likewise give a supposition explanation connected to the organizations open filings expressing in the event that they are fulfilled or unsatisfied. The FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) is an autonomous administrative body in the United States who build up and improve guidelines of money related bookkeeping and revealing for the direction and instruction of the general population, including backers, examiners, and clients of budgetary data. 2. Are their motivators adjusted appropriately with their proposed job? Whose motivating forces are most skewed? Financial speculators fundamental type of pay is an enormous portion of benefits which is regularly 20%. Additionally a low expense dependent on resources under administration. Venture bank financiers are paid on a commission premise on the measure of cash the organization brings up in its contribution which is normally 7%. The sell-side examiners are mostly repaid dependent on the measure of exchanging charges and venture banking income the help the organizations create through their exploration. The purchase side investigators are remunerated dependent on how well their stock suggestions do. In conclusion, the portfolio administrators are remunerated based by the presentation of their assets comparative with a suitable seat mark return. I feel the financial speculators ought to get more than the commonplace 20% as they are the ones providing the subsidizing for the organization. Without the help of the financial speculators the organization will most likely be unable to grow appropriately or as they wish. Likewise the speculation bank guarantors could get somewhat more than 7% since they are the individuals who really compose the offers and present them to potential financial specialists. The two expert sorts and portfolio chiefs are adjusted appropriately I feel. 3. Who, in the event that anybody, was answerable for the Internet stock air pocket? As I would like to think, there was not one gathering or individual liable for the Internet stock air pocket however a blend of gatherings incompletely dependable. In the wake of perusing the case, I feel there are four gatherings mindful and I will clarify. The investors are mostly capable in light of the fact that they were impacted by the market, intentionally putting resources into and carrying open organizations with suspect plans of action. Some even say the financial speculators brought organizations open too soon. The speculation bank guarantors are likewise incompletely capable in light of the fact that these banks should have specialists with exceptionally respected exhortation. So how might they pick such duds of organizations? The sell-side examiners had purchase evaluations on organizations that in the long run had fallen significantly in cost. While the purchase side experts over esteemed organizations and put resources into them in any case. 4. What are the expenses of such a securities exchange bubble? As a future business proficient, what exercises do you draw from the air pocket? The expenses of the financial exchange bubble I left away with were speculators lost a great deal of cash on the off chance that they didn't sell the stock before the worth diminished. Representatives lost positions as benefits diminished and organizations needed to down size. Likewise, organizations leaving business were an expense. As a future business proficient I attracted to know the estimation of what you are putting resources into. Make an informed, looked into choice before making a move. At long last, don't over worth your business, be reasonable. Reference Material Sources Text book: Business Analysis Valuation Using Financial Statements, Palepu Healy, 2008, Thomson Sout-Western.

Pablo Picasso1 essays

Pablo Picasso1 expositions have consistently had an enthusiasm for workmanship yet nothing major. All all through secondary school and grade school I went to workmanship classes and continuously appeared to appreciate them more than my friends. It wasn't until I gone to this workmanship class that I understood that craftsmanship is more than simply paint and water. It is what ever you think about it. Being that I never painted that likewise implies that I've never concentrated any craftsmen either. While finishing my craft assignments this semester I have additionally been finding out about a specific craftsman as an afterthought. No one would ever get me to get a book previously yet something in this craftsmanship experience caused me to do it all alone. The man that I have been contemplating isn't just charming however is delightful and engaging in his own ways. Not exclusively is this man a legend however has instructed me to look further into a masterpiece since you could locate your own importance of life. This man that I talk about is non other than Pablo Picasso. Picasso was conceived in Malaga, Spain in 1881. His family had lived in Day, Nancy. Creature Experimentation. New Jersey, 1994. Dolan, F. Edward. Basic entitlements. New York, 1986. Ranch Sanctuaries. On the web. Netscape. Accessible. Factoryfarming.com PETA. On the web. Netscape. Accessible. http://wwwbullfighting.com PETA. On the web. Netscape. Accessible. http://www.carriagerides.com PETA. On the web. Netscape. Accessible. http://www.circuses.com PETA. On the web. Netscape. Accessible. http://www.greyhounds.com PETA. On the web. Netscape. Accessible. http://www.peta-online.org Pets Alive Animal Sanctuary. On the web. Netscape. Accessible. RobinsFYL.com/petsalive.htm. August 1999. ... <!

No Child Left Behind Essay example -- Education Teaching Learning Essa

No Child Left Behind As understudies in a Structure and Philosophy class, one of the fundamental segments has been to present and acclimate us with the No Child Left Behind Act. President Bush passed this enactment on January 8, 2002. The NCLB Act was intended to guarantee every single understudy the privilege to a reasonable training, to give guardians more alternatives in their child’s instruction, and to ensure all instructors are profoundly qualified. By exceptionally qualified, the demonstration implies instructors must have in any event a bachelor’s qualification, have full state affirmation or licensure, and have shown fitness in their branches of knowledge (US Dept. of Education). â€Å"Making the Grade,† which was distributed in the Salt Lake Tribune in September of this current year, is an article contending the negative sides of the No Child Left Behind Act. Through this article, a larger part of the conversation respected the planning engaged with NCLB. This article calls No Child Left Behind a â€Å"one-size-fits-all recipe for improving instruction in America† (Making the Grade). As per President Bush, the NCLB Act is â€Å"’the cornerstone’ of his administration† (Salt Lake Tribune). Like with any enactment, in any case, come both positive and negative sides. As contended in â€Å"Making the Grade,† the No Child Left Behind Act tries to decrease holes in testing regions that have permitted children to progress without having great abilities in subjects, for example, math and perusing. By finding what children are sneaking past the holes in testing, it will be simpler for schools to help these understudies and ensure they are not deserted. Other primary objectives of this demonstration incorporate to discover instructors who are not knowledgeable in the subjects they are as of now instructing, and to find those schools who bomb t... ... Act profoundly overweigh the couple of negative sides of the demonstration, for example, the alleged absence of financing as brought up in â€Å"Making the Grade.† With time and persistence, I feel everybody will see the advantages of this demonstration and will be strong of a more promising time to come of training in the US. Works Cited: â€Å"Making the Grade.† Salt Lake Tribune. 14 Sept. 2003. 30 Oct. 2003. http://web.lexisnexis.com/universe/document?_m=e639f774e6d2737990eb1dcaeec86e34&_docnum=92&wchp=dGLbVlbzSkVA&_md5=66c0907fb6980f1de15959b46cf292a4 US Department of Education. Decisions for Parents. 8 November 2003. http://www.ed.gov/nclb/decision/index.html?src=ov US Department of Education. No Child Left Behind. 8 November 2003. http://www.ed.gov/nclb/landing.jhtml US Department of Education. No Child Left Behind. 8 November 2003. http://www.ed.gov/nclb/responsibility/ayp/testing.html

Where Should I put my Quotation Marks Slate Magazine and the Rise of Logical Punctuation.

Where Should I put my Quotation Marks Slate Magazine and the Rise of Logical Punctuation. On May 12, 2011, not one, but TWO of my friends and colleagues pointed me toward an article in Slate Magazine entitled, “The Rise of Logical Punctuation”. In the article, author Ben Yagoda explores the nuances of where to place periods and commas within quotations (inside or outside the quotation marks?).   Not long ago, I wrote an article touching upon much the same topic:   The Quandary of Quotation Marks (“ “).   My conclusion was that the British are much more logical than we are in the U.S., following the rule that punctuation goes inside the quotation marks only when it is part of the quotation.   How simple is that?   And yet I continue to follow the U.S. protocol. Slate Magazine itself, as well as The New York Times and the Washington Post, follow AP guidelines and put periods and commas inside the quotation marks.   But Yagoda references a Twitter post by Conan O’Brien, a Wikipedia entry on Frank Sinatra, and the website Pitchfork, all of which follow the British way, with periods and commas lying outside the quotation marks.   He also relates that his students largely refuse to follow the traditional U.S. rules even when they know they will be penalized for doing so.   I highly recommend taking a look at his article for an interesting exploration of why we choose to punctuate the way we do. Last week my blog explored the distinction between grammar purists and progressives in Steven Sawyer’s guest article, Top 10 Obsolete Grammar Rules.   It looks like we can add number 11.   According to Yagoda, despite the Chicago Manual of Style’s adherence to the traditional style, we may be fast on our way to an obsolete punctuation rule â€" another feast for progressives.   As Yagoda claims, “A punctuation paradigm is shifting.”   Note:   even under the “new” rules, or the “new normal,” the period belongs inside those quotation marks because it was indeed part of the original sentence in Yagoda’s article.   Crystal clear, right? By the way, “new normal” was the phrase chosen as “Cliche of the Week” last week by Chris Pash in his blog. Do you choose to follow the progressive “new normal” when it comes to quotation marks?   Or will you remain a purist?   So far I’m sticking with the old fashioned way, but I feel a possible change erupting.

Genetic Engineering Research Assignment Paper - 2200 Words

Genetic Engineering Research Assignment Paper (Term Paper Sample) Content: Genetic EngineeringName of Student:Course:Instructor:Institution of Affiliation:Department:Date:Part OneCell divisionQuestion (1a).Question (1b).Anaphase IITelophase I(3) Meiosis takes place in two distinct stages; the first stage involves; Interphase I, this step includes the replication of the cell chromosomes (Hunt and Hassold 2002, p. 2182). Prophase I, the chromosomes thicken and shorten, the homologous chromosomes align side by side forming bivalents. The chromatids remain in contact at the chiasmata where the exchange of genes occurs. In the stage of metaphase I, the cellular homologous chromosomes translocate to the equator while attached to the spindle fibres at the centromere. In anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles due to the shortening of spindle fibres. The second stage of meiosis involves; Interphase II, the stage comprises the duplication of cellular chromosomes, this step is followed by prophase II which includes the forma tion of new spindle fibres. In metaphase II phase, the cellular chromosomes move towards the equator. In anaphase II stage, the sister chromatids within the cell detach and migrate towards the poles, this movement is brought about by the restriction of the spindle fibres. Finally, in telophase II, the sister chromatids reunite to form chromosomes and take the thread-like patterns (Turnpenny and Ellard 2011, p. 245).DiagramQuestion (1c).1: Interphase, 2: Prophase, 3: Metaphase, 4: Anaphase, 5: TelophaseExplanation (1c)Mitotic cell division leads to the formation of two daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes similar to that of the parent cell (Nigg 2001, p. 25). This process is crucial since it ensures that every cell contains the same number of chromosomes as those of the parent. The mitotic stages occur in a sequential manner in that one stage leads to the other without the interference of activities within the cell. In the above onion cell, part labelled (a) is int erphase; this stage involve the duplication of genes so as the resulting daughter cells can have the same number of chromosomes as those of the parent.Likewise, this step entails the synthesis of new cell organelles within the cell such as mitochondria and centrioles (Adams, Carmena and Earnshaw 2001, p.51). Lastly, in interphase, the cell starts to accumulate energy reserves that mainly (ATP) to drive the dividing cells through the whole process of cell division. Part labelled (b) is prophase; the stage involves the duplication of centrioles with the formation of spindle fibres. Similarly, the plasma membrane starts to disintegrate with the subsequent disappearance of the nucleolus. Consequently, the stage is characterized by the thickening and the shortening of the chromosomes, the chromosomes take the form of stains which are visible and each chromosome at this point are marked by chromatids linked together at the centromere.The part labelled (c) is metaphase; in this stage, the nuclear membrane disappears and thus the chromosomes become free within the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the phase is distinguished by the lengthening of the spindle fibre which attaches with the centrioles at both poles. Similarly, the chromosomes align themselves along the equator while connected to the spindle fibres. The part labelled (d) is anaphase, at this stage; the chromatids begin to detach and move towards the opposite poles, this movement is caused by the subsequent shortening of the spindle fibre and ultimately disappear. The part labelled (e) is telophase, in this stage, the chromatids accumulate at the opposite end of the spindle, this step is followed by the formation of a nuclear membrane; similarly, the cytoplasm divides into two halves leading to the formation of two daughter cells.Question 2To observe the stages of mitosis, one needs to have an onion bulb obtained from the root tip, distilled water, a beaker, 1M HCl acid the acetic-orcein stain. Similarly, one must ha ve microscope slides and the cover slips, a filter paper, a source of heat such as the Bunsen burner, the scalpel and the watch glass. Place two molar HCl on the watch glass and add two drops of acetic-orcein stain. Cut 2mm of an onion root and deep it in the acid mixture. Gently warm the content in the watch glass afterward, transfer the root tip onto a glass slide. Using a scalpel macerate the specimen on the slide and place a cover slip. Place the slide containing the specimen between the filter papers and apply some pressure carefully to form a thin squash, put the slide on the stage of the microscope and then observe the onion specimen under low power objective and then carefully shift to the medium power magnification and compare with the photomicrographThe zones of the root tip can be divided into four regions, at the tip end is the root cap that protects the entire root against mechanical damage. Similarly, the columella cells found at the root cap are responsible for gravit y detection. The cells can as well respond to light and pressure that result from the soil. As growth progresses, the columella cells are pushed towards the periphery thus forming the peripheral cells which produce a substance known as mucigel that is responsible for the protection against mechanical damage as the root pushes through the soil. These cells as well help in the prevention of desiccation (Gregory 2008, p.32).The mucigel cells also contain a lubricating substance that lubricates the root as it pushes grows into the soil. Immediately after the root cap is the apical meristem which originates from the embryonic cells which are divided into three main parts namely, the cell division zone which comprises of cells that are actively dividing. The cells at this region are characterized by a thin cell wall, absence of vacuoles and dense cytoplasm. The zone of cell expansion or elongation comprise of cells that are enlarged to their optimum size, the presence of vacuoles as well characterizes these cells. The region of cell differentiation comprise of cells that have attained their permanent size; these cells are characterized by the presence of vacuoles that have thick walls, these cells as well differentiate into permanent tissues such as the xylem and the endodermis that are found on the roof of the plant (Gregory 2008, p.33).In prophase, the chromosomes, the chromosomes becomes shorter and thicker, they as well become stained and thus appear visible. The chromosomes correspondingly develop and appear as a pair of chromatids that are joined at the centromere. In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the equator and attach to the spindle fibres at the centromere region. Lastly, in anaphase, the chromosomes detach at the centromere and start to migrate towards the opposite poles; these movements to the poles are as a result of the shortening of the spindle fibres (Schwarzacher, 2012, p. 55).Part twoQuestion 1Genotype: these are the genes that are present in an organism, in other words, these are the genetic composition of an individual.Phenotype: This is the observable traits in an individual; it involves the expression of a genome in the appearance and structure of an organism.Monohybrid comprises of a single trait in an organism that is presented in a homologous chromosome by a pair of genes.A dihybrid is a heterozygous hybrid of two dissimilar genes.Question 2The dominant characteristic is green (green podded peas)The ratio of green podded peas as compared to yellow is 3:1, that is 3 green: 1yellowThe genotypic ratio: 1GG: 2Gy: 1yy. The phenotypic ratio: 1 homozygous: 2 heterozygous green: 1 homozygous yellowQuestion 3The ratio of the offsprings phenotype is: * 8 Black short-tailed: 2 Black long-tailed: 4 White short-tailed: 2 White long-tailed * Since the dogs have been producing white and black puppies, black is dominant while white trait is recessive because black puppies are the majority in number (25).Therefore, the genotype fo r black heterozygous (Bb). Equally, both dogs produce both long haired and short haired puppies of which the short haired puppies are the majority (23). This means the short haired genes are dominant and heterozygous over the long haired (Ss).The parental genotypes, therefore, are: (BbSs xBbSs)(B-Black, b-white, S-short, s-long) BS bs bS bs BS BBSS BbSs BbSS BbSs Bs BBSs Bbss BbSs Bbss bS BbSS bbSs bbSs bbSs bs BbSs bbss bbSs bbss Question 4(a) Cystic fibrosis disease is caused by a recessive allele, to develop the disease you need to inherit a pair of the defective allele. If the copy inherited is one, then you will not suffer from the disease, but you become a career. In this case, both parents are carriers and they will not show any symptom of the disease in their lifetime. However, one of their children will be formal, two will be carriers and one will suffer from the disease (Drumm et al. 2005, p.1445.Punnet square illustration: f signifies the gene responsible for Cystic Fi brosis(c) Huntingtons syndrome is brought about by a dominant gene that critically impairs the human nervous system; the disease can be passed from one parent to the offspring and thus posing a threat considering that there is no medication for the disorder. Genetic testing can predict if one is likely to develop the disease since those at risk have an expanded CAG repeats. Therefore, if one has an expanded CAG repeats, he or she is likely to develop neurological symptoms at any age of life and this is unethical since one has to coup with the result of developing the disease that has no treatment. However, it is essential to know the state ...

The Life and Times of Nero Essay - 1582 Words

The Life and Times of Nero Carlo Maria Franzero was born December 21, 1892 in Turin, Italy. He was educated at the University of Turin. Upon the commencement of the Second World War, Franzero fled Fascist ruled Italy for England. He worked in England as a journalist for the London Daily Telegraph during World War II and later he served as a correspondent for Il Tempo, a Roman newspaper. His expertise is Ancient Roman and Italian History. Other notable works by Franzero are The Life and Times of Cleopatra and The Life and Times of Tarquin the Etruscan. Franzeros biography of Nero is very complex and controversial. Nero is renown as one of the most vicious, merciless, and least efficient emperors of the Roman Empire.†¦show more content†¦Seneca was a Spaniard born in the year 6 BC at Cordova. Seneca was trained extensively in rhetoric and philosophy. Agrippina had ulterior motives for choosing Seneca as Neros tutor. Seneca was stodgily conservative and republican. He was a paragon of all the ancient Roman virtues. Agrippina knew the Senate would smile upon this and it would later benefit Nero. Franzero attributes much of Neros early success obtaining the throne to his mother. Agrippina was a very beautiful, ruthless, and deceitfully clever woman. She had the unique ability of positioning herself well, regardless of the situation. Three of Agrippinas two husbands died as a result of being poisoned. During her pregnancy with Nero, Agrippina visited a Persian Magician that foretold her horoscope. You will give birth to a son, who shall be Emperor, but will assassinate his mother. Agrippina replied: Let him murder his mother but be Emperor! #8212;Necet me dum reget! She was dedicated to seeing her son become one of Romes most prominent politicians. She wouldnt allow anyone to stand in the way of his progress. Her desire to thrust her son into the leading role of emperor was the one overriding factor that would encompass the lion share of her life. This ambition would succeed and, ironically enough, would inevitably lead to her undoing. The Emperor Claudius was Agrippinas uncle and would inevitably become her third husband. She knew the only way to ensure theShow MoreRelatedThe Roman Empire and Nero Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roman Empire and Nero It is the beginning of the first century A.D. Seneca, chief Roman tragic writer and philosopher in the time, who just came back from exile is summoned to the Roman emperors castle by the old emperor Claudius wife Julia Agrippina. He is assigned to tutor her son, Nero. Nero is a spoiled little twenty-year old fat freak hungry for gladiator-ism. He hates his step- father, Claudius for he always treats him as a good for nothing child, which he is. 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The 10 Steps of Glycolysis

Glycolysis, which translates to splitting sugars, is the process of releasing energy within sugars. In glycolysis, a six-carbon sugar known as glucose is split into two molecules of a three-carbon sugar called pyruvate. This multistep process yields two ATP molecules containing free energy, two pyruvate molecules, two high energy, electron-carrying molecules of NADH, and two molecules of water. Glycolysis Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose.Glycolysis can take place with or without oxygen.Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of water.Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm.There are 10 enzymes involved in breaking down sugar. The 10 steps of glycolysis are organized by the order in which specific enzymes act upon the system. Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. In the absence of oxygen, glycolysis allows cells to make small amounts of ATP through a process of fermentation. Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of the cells cytoplasm. A net of two ATP molecules are produced through glycolysis (two are used during the process and four are produced. Learn more about the 10 steps of glycolysis below. Step 1 The enzyme hexokinase phosphorylates or adds a phosphate group to glucose in a cells cytoplasm. In the process, a phosphate group from ATP is transferred to glucose producing glucose 6-phosphate or G6P. One molecule of ATP is consumed during this phase. Step 2 The enzyme phosphoglucomutase isomerizes G6P into its isomer fructose 6-phosphate or F6P. Isomers have the same molecular formula as each other but different atomic arrangements. Step 3 The kinase phosphofructokinase uses another ATP molecule to transfer a phosphate group to F6P in order to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate or FBP. Two ATP molecules have been used so far. Step 4 The enzyme aldolase splits fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into a ketone and an aldehyde molecule. These sugars, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP), are isomers of each other. Step 5 The enzyme triose-phosphate isomerase rapidly converts DHAP into GAP (these isomers can inter-convert). GAP is the substrate needed for the next step of glycolysis. Step 6 The enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) serves two functions in this reaction. First, it dehydrogenates GAP by transferring one of its hydrogen (H⠁ º) molecules to the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⠁ º) to form NADH H⠁ º. Next, GAPDH adds a phosphate from the cytosol to the oxidized GAP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG). Both molecules of GAP produced in the previous step undergo this process of dehydrogenation and phosphorylation. Step 7 The enzyme phosphoglycerokinase transfers a phosphate from BPG to a molecule of ADP to form ATP. This happens to each molecule of BPG. This reaction yields two 3-phosphoglycerate (3 PGA) molecules and two ATP molecules. Step 8 The enzyme phosphoglyceromutase relocates the P of the two 3 PGA molecules from the third to the second carbon to form two 2-phosphoglycerate (2 PGA) molecules. Step 9 The enzyme enolase removes a molecule of water from 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). This happens for each molecule of 2 PGA from step eight. Step 10 The enzyme pyruvate kinase transfers a P from PEP to ADP to form pyruvate and ATP. This happens for each molecule of PEP. This reaction yields two molecules of pyruvate and two ATP molecules.

Things You Should Know About Reflective Essay Example Topics

Things You Should Know About Reflective Essay Example Topics Whatever They Told You About Reflective Essay Example Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Writing a great essay could quite possibly become complex mainly in circumstances where an individual can't realize the specific distinct distinctive types in essays which will pertaining to certain, the consultant may end up being obliging everyone to help produce. Our writers always create unique content that's absolutely free from all grammatical error. From time to time, people even utilize opinions to make sure that their persuasive writing essays would be convincing. The only thing that lots of students don't do when writing an essay is to reflect back on the prior paragraph when writing the subsequent one. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Our reviews contain information like the score of the clients, our rating, starting prices, Discounts, and caliber of the papers. Th en the very best way is place a request I want to acquire essay papers written. Who knew essay writing might be so tough. One of the things which make a reflective essay different from several other varieties of essay is that it's focused on your individual insights or what you think about something. So for those who have an essay assigned that you require help with, you can purchase essay online cheap from us. A great reflective essay may be amazing reflective essay with the appropriate planning. Even if you're taught how to compose the reflective essay, you might not be in a position to get a relevant and intriguing topic. Share what you consider the topic. Learn how to get assistance with your essay. Because reflective essay topics usually concentrate on some facet of your life, it is going to be simpler to compose an essay about a topic that you've got a good deal of experience with. 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Experimental Psychology - 1572 Words

Research Paper Requirement For this research requirement I chose three different experiments to examine thoroughly. The first of these experiments came from the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. The study done in this journal was an examination of orthographic learning and self-teaching in a bilingual and biliterate context. The aim of the study was to figure out the advantages and/or disadvantages of a student learning a native language when they are either monolingual, bilingual, or biliterate, and the study was focused on learning English because this is the most commonly learned non-native language in the world. The method for this experiment consisted of taking a sample of 88 sixth-grade children that came from†¦show more content†¦The participants were then randomly assigned REM percentages of either 16.2% (below average) or 28.7% (above average). After hearing these results the experimenter explained that there is not much a relationship between perceived sleep and actual sleep quality. After hearing these results, the participants were then asked to complete the PASAT (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test), which tests auditory attention and speed of processing (two skills that are most affected by lack of sleep). The test consists listening to a tape that says a series of numbers every 1.6 seconds; participants add the first two numbers and give a verbal answer. When the next number is heard they add it to the previous number instead of the number they just said out loud. The results strongly suggested that placebo sleep strongly affects a person’s cognitive ability. To those that were told they got below average sleep (16.2% in REM) they received an average score of 22.13 out of 50 questions. Those who were told they received above average sleep quality (28.7% in REM) received a score of 34.81 out of 50. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a person’s mindset can have either a positive or negative influence on their daily cognitive abilities. A second experiment was conducted to account for demand cues that could have affected the results in the first experiment. It was conducted in the same fashion as experiment one except forShow MoreRelatedExperimental Psychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesExperimental Psychology Experimental psychology is a sub-discipline in psychology that focuses on understanding the human behavior resulted from life experience through research and experimental studies (â€Å"Career in Psychology,† n.d.). Therefore, experimental psychologists approve or disapprove psychological beliefs through research. Experimental psychologists hypothesize the issues related to psychological subjects, and then conduct studies to find out the truth about their hypotheses (â€Å"Career inRead MoreScope of Experimental Psychology2276 Words   |  10 Pagesto a field. EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: Experimental psychology is the most important branch of psychology. The credit for establishing psychology on a scientific basis goes to experimental method. This method is now being used more and more in psychological studies. SCOPE OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: The scope of Experimental Psychology is widening with the invention of new tools and instruments for experiments. Therefore, it is in the fitness of things that experimental psychology constitutes compulsoryRead MoreExperimental Research : A Long Tradition Of Psychology And Education1136 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Experimental research has had a long tradition in psychology and education. The usage of experimental approaches over the past 40 years had been influenced by developments in research practices. The experimental method formally surfaced in educational psychology around the turn of the century, with the classic studies by Thorndike and Woodworth on transfer (Cronbach, 1957). Experimental research is commonly used in sciences such as psychology, medicine, sociology, biology, and so onRead MoreThe General Experimental Psychology Master Essay781 Words   |  4 Pageshard-working student, I am looking for a graduate school that will challenge my abilities and help me to grow even further. The General Experimental Psychology Master’s Program at the University of Colorado-Colorado Springs (UCCS) seems like it would do just that. My ambition and self-motivation had led me to graduate in three years with a double major in Psychology (B.S.) and Sociology (B.A.) with a minor in statistics. At Olivet I have received solid academic training and hands on experience. TheRead MoreThe New Psychology: Early Physiological and Experimental Psychology and Structuralism1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe New Psychology: Early Physiological and Experimental Psychology And Structuralism Psy5102-8 Dr. Kornfeld By: Janelle Jumpp Table of Contents 1. What do you consider to be the proper subject matter of psychology? 2. What methods should psychology use to approach the subjects it studies? 3. What do you expect will be your most lasting contribution to the field of psychology? 4. What do you consider to be an appropriate role for the field of psychologyRead MoreThe Father Of Experimental Psychology Wilhelm Wundt ( 1832-1920 ) And The Founder Of Behaviourism John1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe father of experimental psychology Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) and the founder of behaviourism John. B Watson both have opposing and corresponding views on psychology. In this essay I will compare and contrast both concepts which will include experimental psychology, introspection, operant and classical conditioning, immediate conscious, objective measurement and lab experiments. Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) was a German psychologist who wanted to study and examine human immediate conscious experienceRead MoreThe Field Of Psychology Are Correlational, Descriptive, And Experimental Research1759 Words   |  8 Pages1) Three main types of research in the field of psychology are correlational, descriptive, and experimental research. Correlational research focuses on seeing whether or not certain variables are connected or if there is a relationship between them, descriptive research focuses on describing specific behavior as it occurs in the environment (can be through case studies, observation, or surveys), and experimental research is when the researcher manipulates a certain variable and either control orRead MoreExperimental Psychology Proposal1958 Words   |  8 PagesSignificance ÃŽ ±= .05 df= n1 + n2 -2 = 15 + 15 - 2 = 28 t .05= 2.05 * Decision rule: If the t-computed value is greater than or beyond the critical value, Reject null hypothesis. * Solution: Classical Music(Experimental) | Rock Music(Control) | x1 | x12 | x2 | x22 | 18 | 324 | 17 | 289 | 25 | 625 | 12 | 144 | 15 | 225 | 14 | 196 | 20 | 400 | 19 | 361 | 19 | 361 | 23 | 529 | 14 | 196 | 16 | 256 | 30 | 900 | 16 | 256 | 34 | 1156 | 8 | 64 | 27Read MoreThe Journal Of Experimental Social Psychology874 Words   |  4 Pagesexample, is known to be a useful tool in negotiations. Indeed, in the past few years, researchers have been learning more about when and how to deploy anger productively. Consider a forthcoming paper in the November issue of the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Researchers tested the effectiveness of expressing anger in three types of negotiations: those that are chiefly cooperative (say, starting a business with a partner), chiefly competitive (dissolving a shared business) or balanced betweenRead MoreExperimental Psychology Stroop Effect2268 Words   |  10 Pages we predict an interaction between congruency and task; we expect that the Stroop effect will be larger for typing colors than for typing words. Method Participants Twenty-one undergraduate, male and female students were recruited from an experimental lab class at the City University of New York Brooklyn College. Materials and Design In this within subjects design, we used a 2 (Congruency: Congruent vs. Incongruent) x 2 (Task Type: Naming color vs. Naming word) factorial; the dependent

Stefan’s Diaries Origins Chapter 19 Free Essays

string(37) " felt a momentary wave of dizziness\." I galloped through the woods, kicking Mezzanotte to jump over logs, to dash through underbrush, anything to make sure I didn’t lose sight of Katherine and Anna. How could I have trusted Katherine? How could I have thought I loved her? I should have killed her when I had the chance. If I didn’t catch up to them, Anna’s blood would be on my hands, too. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 19 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just as Rosalyn’s was. We reached an uprooted tree and Mezzanotte reared up, sending me tumbling backward onto the forest floor. I felt a sharp stab as my temple cracked against a stone. The wind was knocked out of me, and I fought for breath, knowing it was only a matter of time before Katherine would kill Anna and then finish me off. I felt gentle, ice-cold hands lifting me up to a sitting position. â€Å"No †¦,† I gasped. The act of breathing hurt. My breeches were ripped, and I had a large gash on my knee. Blood flowed freely from my temple. Katherine knelt beside me, using the sleeve of her dress to stave off the bleeding. I noticed her licking her lips, then mashing them firmly together. â€Å"Y ou’re hurt,† she said softly, continuing to apply pressure to my wound. I pushed myself away from her, but Katherine clasped my shoulder, holding me in place. â€Å"Don’t worry. Remember. Y have my heart,† ou Katherine said, holding my gaze with hers. Wordlessly, I nodded. If death was to come, I hoped it would come quickly. Sure enough, Katherine bared her teeth, and I closed my eyes, waiting for the agonizing ecstasy of her teeth against my neck. But nothing came. Instead, I felt her cold skin near my mouth. â€Å"Drink,† Katherine commanded, and I saw a thin gash in her delicate white skin. Blood was trickling from the cut as though through a brook after a rainstorm. I was repulsed and tried to turn my head away, but Katherine held on to the back of my neck. â€Å"Trust me. It will help.† Slowly, fearfully, I allowed my lips to touch the liquid. Immediately I felt warmth run down my throat. I continued to drink until Katherine pulled her arm away. â€Å"That’s enough,† she murmured, holding her palm over the wound. â€Å"Now, how do you feel?† She sat back on her heels and surveyed me. How did I feel? I touched my leg, my temple. Everything felt smooth. Healed. â€Å"Y did that,† I said incredulously. ou â€Å"I did.† Katherine stood up and brushed her hands together. I noticed her wound, too, was now completely healed. â€Å"Now tell me why I had to heal you. What are you doing in the forest? Y know ou it’s not safe,† she said, concern belying her chiding tone. â€Å"Y †¦. Anna,† I murmured, feeling sluggish ou and sleepy, as one might feel after a long, wine- infused dinner. I blinked at my surroundings. Mezzanotte was hitched to a tree, and Anna was sitting on a branch, hugging her knees to her chest and watching us. Instead of terror, Anna’s face was full of confusion as she looked from me, to Katherine, then back to me. â€Å"Stefan, Anna is one of my friends,† Katherine said simply. â€Å"Does Stefan †¦ know?† Anna asked curiously, whispering as if I wasn’t standing three feet from her. â€Å"We can trust him,† Katherine said, nodding definitively. I cleared my throat, and both girls looked at me. â€Å"What are you doing?† I asked finally. â€Å"Meeting,† Katherine said, gesturing to the clearing. â€Å"Stefan Salvatore,† a throaty voice said. I whirled around and saw a third figure emerge from the shadows. Almost without thinking, I held up the vervain from my breast pocket, which looked as useless as a daisy clutched in my hand. â€Å"Stefan Salvatore,† I heard again. I glanced wildly between Anna and Katherine, but their facial expressions were impossible to read. An owl hooted, and I pressed my fist into my mouth to keep from screaming. â€Å"It’s okay, Mama. He knows,† Anna called to the shadows. Mama. So that meant Pearl was also a vampire. But how could she be? She was the apothecary, the one who was supposed to heal the sick, not tear out human throats with her teeth. Then again, Katherine had healed me, and she hadn’t torn out my throat. Pearl emerged from between the trees, her gaze tightening on me. â€Å"How do we know he’s safe?† she asked suspiciously, in a voice that was much more ominous than the polite tone she used at her apothecary. â€Å"He is,† Katherine said, smiling sweetly as she gently touched my arm. I shivered and clutched the vervain, Cordelia’s words echoing in my head. This herb could stop the devil. But what if we’d all gotten it wrong, and vampires like Katherine weren’t devils but angels? What then? â€Å"Drop the vervain,† Katherine said. I looked into her large, cat-like eyes and dropped the plant to the forest floor. Immediately, Katherine used the tip of her boot to cover it with pine needles and leaves. â€Å"Stefan, you look as though you’ve seen a ghost,† Katherine laughed, turning toward me. But her laughter wasn’t mean. Instead, it sounded melodic and musical and slightly sad. I collapsed onto a gnarled tree root. I noticed my leg was shaking and held my hands firmly against my knee, which was now completely smooth, as if the fall had never happened. Katherine took the motion as an invitation for her to perch on my knee. She sat and looked down on me, running her hands through my hair. â€Å"Now, Katherine, he doesn’t look like he’s seen a ghost. He’s seen vampires. Three of them.† I glanced up at Pearl as if I were an obedient schoolboy and she were my schoolmarm. She sat down on a nearby rock slab, and Anna perched next to her, suddenly looking much younger than her fourteen years. But, of course, if Anna was a vampire, then that meant she wasn’t fourteen at all. My brain spun, and I felt a momentary wave of dizziness. You read "Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 19" in category "Essay examples" Katherine patted the back of my neck, and I began to breathe easier. â€Å"Okay, Stefan,† Pearl said as she rested her chin on her steepled fingers and gazed at me. â€Å"First of all, I need you to remember that Anna and I are your neighbors, and your friends. Can you remember that?† I was transfixed by her gaze. Pearl then smiled a curious half smile. â€Å"Good,† she exhaled. I nodded dumbly, too overwhelmed to think, let alone speak. â€Å"We were living in South Carolina right after the war,† Pearl began. â€Å"After the war?† I asked, before I could stop myself. Anna giggled, and Pearl cracked a tiny sliver of a smile. â€Å"The War of Independence,† Pearl explained briefly. â€Å"We were lucky during the war. All safe, all sound, all a family.† Her voice caught in her throat, and she closed her eyes for a moment before continuing. â€Å"My husband ran a small apothecary when a wave of consumption hit town. Everyone was affected–my husband, my two sons, my baby daughter. Within a week, they were dead.† I didn’t know what to say. Could I say I was sorry for something that had happened so long ago? â€Å"And then Anna began coughing. And I knew I couldn’t lose her, too. My heart would break, but it was more than that,† Pearl said, shaking her head as if caught in her own world. â€Å"I knew my soul and my spirit would break. And then I met Katherine.† I glanced toward Katherine. She looked so young, so innocent. I glanced away before she could look at me. â€Å"Katherine was different,† Pearl said. â€Å"She arrived in town mysteriously, without relatives, but she immediately became part of society.† I nodded, wondering who, then, was killed in the Atlanta fire that brought Katherine to Mystic Falls. But I didn’t ask, waiting for Pearl to continue her story. She cleared her throat. â€Å"Still, there was something about her that was unusual. All the ladies and I talked about it. She was beautiful, of course, but there was something else. Something otherworldly. Some called her an angel. But then she never got sick, not during the cold seasons, and not when the consumption began in town. There were certain herbs she wouldn’t touch in the apothecary. Charleston was a small town then. People talked.† Pearl reached for her daughter’s hand. â€Å"Anna would have died,† Pearl continued. â€Å"That’s what the doctor said. I was desperate for a cure, wracked with grief and feeling so helpless. Here I was, a woman surrounded by medicine, unable to help my daughter live.† Pearl shook her head in disgust. â€Å"So what happened?† I asked. â€Å"I asked Katherine one day if she knew of anything that could be done. And as soon as I asked, I knew she did. There was something in her eyes that changed. But she still took a few minutes of silence before she responded and then–â€Å" â€Å"Pearl brought Anna to my chambers one night,† Katherine interjected. â€Å"She saved me,† Anna said in a soft voice. â€Å"She saved me,† Anna said in a soft voice. â€Å"Mother too.† â€Å"And that’s how we ended up here. We couldn’t stay in Charleston forever, never growing old,† Pearl explained. â€Å"Of course, soon we’ll have to move again. That’s the way it goes. We’re gypsies, navigating between Richmond and Atlanta and all the towns in between. And now we have another war to deal with. Seeing so much history really proves to us that some things never do change,† Pearl said, smiling ruefully. â€Å"But there are worse ways to pass the time.† â€Å"I like it here,† Anna admitted. â€Å"That’s why I’m scared we’ll be sent away.† She said that last part as a whisper, and something about her tone made me achingly sad. I thought of the meeting I’d attended that afternoon. If Father had his way, they wouldn’t be sent away, they’d be killed. â€Å"The attacks?† I asked finally. It had been the one question that had been nagging at me ever since Katherine’s confession. Because if she didn’t do it, then who †¦ ? Pearl shook her head. â€Å"Remember, we’re your neighbors and friends. It wasn’t us. We never would behave like that.† â€Å"Never,† Anna parroted, shaking her head fearfully, as though she were being accused. â€Å"But some of our tribe have,† Pearl said darkly. Katherine’s eyes hardened. â€Å"But it’s not just we or the other vampires who are causing trouble. Of course, that’s who everyone blames, but no one seems to remember that there’s a war going on with untold bloodshed. All people care about are vampires.† Hearing Damon’s words in Katherine’s mouth was like a bucket of cold water in my face, a reminder that I wasn’t the only person in Katherine’s universe. â€Å"Who are the other vampires?† I asked gruffly. â€Å"It’s our community, and we will take care of it,† Pearl said firmly. She stood up, then walked across the clearing, her feet crunching on the ground until she stood above me. â€Å"Stefan, I’ve told you the story and now here are the facts: We need blood to live. But we don’t need it from humans,† Pearl said, as if she were explaining to one of her customers how an herb worked. â€Å"We can get it from animals. But, like humans, some of us don’t have self-control, and some of us attack people. It’s really not that much different from a rogue soldier, is it?† I suddenly had an image of one of the soldiers we’d just played poker with. Were any of them vampires, too? â€Å"And remember, Stefan, we only know some. There could be more. We’re not as uncommon as you may think,† Katherine said. â€Å"And now, because of these vampires we don’t even know, we’re all being hunted,† Pearl said, tears filling her eyes. â€Å"That’s why we’re meeting here tonight. We need to discuss what to do and come up with a plan. Just this afternoon, Honoria Fells brought a vervain concoction to the apothecary. How that woman even knows about vervain, I have no idea. Suddenly, I feel like I’m an animal about to be trapped. People have glanced at our necks, and I know they’re wondering about our necklaces, piecing together the fact that all three of us always wear them†¦.† Pearl trailed off as she raised her hands to the sky, as if in an exasperated prayer. Quickly, I glanced at each of the women and realized that Anna and Pearl were wearing ornate cameos like the one Katherine wore. â€Å"The necklace?† I asked, clutching my own throat as if I, too, had a mysterious blue gem there. â€Å"Lapis lazuli. It allows us to walk in daylight. Those of our kind cannot, usually. But these gems protect us. They’ve allowed us to live normally and, perhaps, even allowed us to stay more in touch with our human side than we would have otherwise,† Pearl said thoughtfully. â€Å"Y don’t know ou what it’s like, Stefan.† Pearl’s matter-of-fact voice dissolved into sobs. â€Å"It’s good to know that we have friends we can trust.† I took out my handkerchief from my breast pocket and handed it to her, unsure what else I could do. She dabbed her eyes and shook her head. â€Å"I’m sorry. I’m so sorry that you have to know about this, Stefan. I knew from the last time that war changes things, but I never thought †¦ it’s too soon to have to move again.† â€Å"I’ll protect you,† I heard myself saying, in a voice that didn’t quite sound like mine. â€Å"But †¦ but †¦ how?† Pearl asked. Far off in the distance, a branch broke, and all four of us jumped. Pearl glanced around. â€Å"How?† she said again, finally, when all was still. â€Å"My father’s leading a charge in a few weeks.† I felt a tiny pinprick of betrayal as I said it. â€Å"Giuseppe Salvatore.† Pearl gasped in disbelief. â€Å"But how did he know?† I shook my head. â€Å"It’s Father and Jonathan Gilbert and Honoria Fells and Mayor Lockwood and Sheriff Forbes. They seem to know about vampires from books. Father has an old volume in his study, and together they came up with the idea to lead a siege.† â€Å"Then he’ll do it. Giuseppe Salvatore is not a man to have his opinions easily swayed,† Pearl stated. â€Å"No, ma’am.† I realized how funny it was to call a vampire ma’am. But who was I to say what was normal and what wasn’t? Once again, my mind drifted to my brother and his words, his casual laughter when it came to Katherine’s true nature. Maybe it wasn’t that Katherine was evil, or uncommon at all. Maybe the only thing that was uncommon was the fact that Father was fixated on eradicating the vampires. â€Å"Stefan, I promise that nothing I’ve said to you was a lie,† Pearl said. â€Å"And I know that we will do everything in our power to ensure that no more animals or humans are killed as long as we’re here. But you simply must do what you can. For us. Because Anna and I have come too far and gone through too much to simply be killed by our neighbors.† â€Å"Y won’t be,† I said, with more conviction ou than I ever had in my life. â€Å"I’m not sure what I’ll do yet, but I will protect you. I promise.† I was making the promise to the three of them, but was looking only at Katherine. She nodded, a tiny spark igniting in her eyes. â€Å"Good,† Pearl said, reaching out her hand to help a sleepy-eyed Anna to her feet. â€Å"Now, we’ve been here in the forest too long. The less we’re seen together, the better. And, Stefan, we trust you,† she said, just the tiniest hint of a warning in her otherwise rich voice. â€Å"Of course,† I said, grabbing Katherine’s hand as Anna and Pearl walked out of the clearing. I wasn’t worried about them. Because they worked at the apothecary, they could get away with walking in the middle of the night; they could easily tell anyone who saw them that they were searching for herbs and mushrooms. searching for herbs and mushrooms. But I was scared for Katherine. Her hands felt so small, and her eyes looked so frightened. She was depending on me, a thought that filled me with equal amounts of pride and dread. â€Å"Oh, Stefan,† Katherine said as she flung her arms around my neck. â€Å"I know everything will be fine as long as we’re together.† She grabbed my hand and pulled me onto the forest floor. And then, lying with Katherine amid the pine needles and the damp earth and the smell of her skin, I wasn’t frightened anymore. How to cite Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 19, Essay examples

Cry Witch free essay sample

This paper examines social and religious attitudes towards women of the Renaissance/Reformation era, particularly with regards to witchcraft. This paper examines the witchcraft hysteria that seized Europe during the Renaissance/Reformation period. It takes an in-depth look at the way women, particularly single women, were treated around Europe at this time and also gives detailed explanations of causes of the witchcraft hysteria. The author also describes the gruesome methods by which accused witches were punished. It is not exactly clear why the witchcraft hysteria died out when it did. Perhaps it was because so few women were escaping execution. Perhaps the executioners and witch-hunters grew bored with it. Alternatively, perhaps someone finally realized that the incessant torture and slaughter of innocent men, women, and children was wrong. In any case, the witchcraft hysteria is now beginning to be addressed as the womens holocaust. No one can tell how many brilliant authors, musicians, artists, or thinkers may have been killed for saying, perhaps, that it looked like rain. We will write a custom essay sample on Cry Witch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Renaissance may have been an era of artistic and intellectual greatness. However, it was a very dark hour indeed for humanity.

Personal and Professional Healthcare Communication Essay Example

Personal and Professional Healthcare Communication Paper The healthcare industry is among the pillars that determine the success and economy of a nation, because this involves the safety and future of the citizens inhabiting it. Which is why, it is always almost imperative for a nation to ensure that the healthcare programs are aligned with the goals and purposes of seeing to it that the people are functioning and living a healthy lifestyle, in a healthy environment. The process that ensures the efficiency of care involves the simple yet highly intricate manner with which the health care team interacts with one another.   Through communication, the goal of promoting wellness and making sure that the patient gets well comes into being. The effective communication among the health care personnel is the key to how a sick person gets well.   It is this premise that will be discussed in the succeeding paragraph, wherein the difference between personal and professional communication will be thoroughly defined and elaborated. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal and Professional Healthcare Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal and Professional Healthcare Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal and Professional Healthcare Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Health care communication defined In health care communication, the personnel involved in this team confer with each other to consult and seek information, exchange ideas, advice, or instruction. All of which carry the goal of implementing the best possible care for the patient (Servellen. 2005). A nurse might consult with another nurse, such as when a primary nurse consults with a clinical specialist about a particular patient care. A school nurse might confer with the child’s teacher or a psychologist about certain behavioral problem. A community health nurse might confer with a physician about the patient’s activity regimen. Communication, in the healthcare setting is a continuous process, it is endless until the goal of wellness has been reached and begins a patient is admitted. In the healthcare setting, collaborative kind of care has long been instituted as the best approach to planning and implementing patient care. Such that all the aspect of the patient’s being is addresses and the over all wellness is involved. There is the physical, psychosocial, and even the spiritual aspect.   The kind of care given to a patient must always be holistic in approach.   This approach highly requires the participation of all discipline is science, such as, physical therapy, diet, counseling, and of course the medical aspect of care, which is the pharmacologic intervention as well as the nursing care. The coordination among members of the health care team requires for each member to constantly interact, update, and consult each other in order to promote consistency of care and ensures the success of the primary wellness objective. Relevance of personal and professional health care communication An effective personal healthcare communication is important in the health care setting, because it determines the success of the health care objective.   It determines whether or not the plan of action is as effective as it should be. The communication follows a trail of person involve, from those involve in the primary care up until the care necessary when the patient should be discharge to home.   Constant feedback, updates, and consultation is what makes the chain of communication effective (McConnel. 2002). With out proper channel, the objective could not be carried out, and the implementation of plan will falter even before it can continue. For instance, in the aspect of implementing pharmacologic intervention, if the physician orders the certain medication to be given to the client, the primary nurse will implement this order by informing the pharmacy about this need so as the pharmacy may dispense the quantity required by the patient while being admitted. The pharmacist will then dispense the medication back to the nurse for her to administer to the patient, but the nurse likewise is tasked to inform the rest of the health care team, such as the, the dietitian, the physical therapist, so that they will be aware of which and uses such information as the basis for each of their program to implement. Therefore, all team members must then heed notice of the physician’s medication order, so as to avoid any detriment along the implementation of this pharmacologic intervention. The dietitian, through this information will then be able to avoid any food that may enhance or create side effects to the patient, so over all, the main priority here is the effective communication among all team members in order to prevent any mistakes from being committed, and further ailing the already suffering patient. Professional communication on the other hand is the kind of communication that rather requires the essence of ethics and moral. How Personal and Professional contributes to healthcare outcomes. When nurses detect problems they cannot resolve because they lie outside the scope of independent nursing practice or their expertise, they make consultations or referrals to other professionals. The process of inviting another professional to evaluate the patient and make recommendation to our about his or her treatment is called consultation. The process of sending or guiding the patient to another source for assistance is called referral. A patient might be referred by a hospital to a community health nursing service for assistance with home care. The healthcare team members frequently confer with each other to plan and coordinate patient care. Such conferences are also used for instructing students and practitioner. It is the meeting of healthcare professional which are also consequently used in instructing students and practitioner. Nurses might invite other healthcare practitioner to a nursing care conference concerning the patient’s care (Darley.2005). For example a clinical psychologist might be invited in the preceding example to address the possibility that a mental disorder is influencing this patient’s behavior. Discuss the principles of therapeutic communication for the healthcare professional The ability to communicate with individuals or with patient and with other health care professionals is essential for effective implementation of wellness goal. Knowledge of communication process and of effective communication techniques is fundamental to all aspect and all steps of the nursing process. At the same time, the nursing process provides the nurse with patient effectively. Health care professional, enter the health care industry to help people. Relationships between health care professional and providers are not accomplished randomly, but through the purposeful relationships. A helping relationship exist among people who provide and receive assistance in meeting human needs. It exists in the climate for the participant to move towards common goals of meeting human needs. Therefore, need gratification occurs as a result of successful helping relationship. Reference Page Darley, Mark. (2005). Managing Communication in Healthcare. PA: Elsevier Health Science. McConnel, Charles. (2000). Healthcare supervisor on Effective Communication. NY: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Gwen Marram Van Servellen. (2002). Communication Skills for Healthcare Professional. Concept and techniques. NY: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Using Sample Essays For Writing Essays

Using Sample Essays For Writing EssaysIf you are looking for a sample essay that is acceptable for taking to a writing course, you should check out sample essays from the website Scarlet Street. This website provides a number of sample essays for readers to take a look at and use as a basis for their own assignments.Using this sample essay, it is possible to create an essay that is clear and concise, and that will provide the necessary information that the student needs to pass the class. The purpose of the essay is not to be an exact replication of any other essay; rather, it is a sample. This allows students to view other samples, learn about the format and topic of each essay, and use the idea to create their own unique piece of writing.Because Scarlet Street provides its writers with such a wide range of topics, they are able to present the topics in a way that is interesting to the presenter's eye. In addition, most topics on the site are set in the modern world. Thus, they are able to be easily adapted to the modern day. However, students should keep in mind that most essays on this site are for college-level composition courses, so the material they will be required to write will be slightly different than the materials required for higher level courses.For potential online students, there are a number of topics that could be used to teach a course. These include medicine, economics, history, and even fiction. However, students should make sure that the topics they choose will be approved by the school, so they can get credit for their work if they get accepted into the school.A good starting point for students to use for writing this kind of essay is one of the many health topics listed on the site. Some examples include: 'Health Today: When You See It?' or 'The World Health Report: A Medical Adventure.'Other topics include one on the evolution of the medical record system, or perhaps one on the aftermath of a child's death. Students can also consider t opics that involve religion, politics, or social issues.Students who want to write essays on a variety of topics will find this website to be very helpful. Since the site features such a wide variety of topics, students will have no trouble finding a topic to focus on. There are many different groups of essays available on the site, as well as various level of difficulty.Writing an essay is not easy, but once a student is able to write an interesting essay, the rest of the task becomes much easier. In addition, since the samples on this site are generally written in standard length and grammar, a student will be able to concentrate on the content of the essay and not worry about the difficult grammar. Therefore, this can make a great practice tool for students who are taking composition classes.

Public Schools vs. Private Schools essays

Public Schools vs. Private Schools essays A lot of controversy has been raised over public schooling versus private schooling. Much debate has been made about the advantages and disadvantages of public and private schools. However, the choice lies with the parents of school age children. Many aspects must be reviewed before a choice can be made. These aspects include effectiveness of both types of school systems, religious background, proper funding, personal educational beliefs, and racial integration as well as many others. Some believe public schools are not effective in teaching students necessary skills. Part of this belief stems from the fact that public schools have larger classrooms than private schools. Therefore, less student to teacher communication is achieved. Some children are simply miserable and unable to learn in the large public schools we have created (Chenowith T08). However, studies have shown that it is private schools who have underqualified teachers and use outdated materials. On the other hand, more teacher to student interaction means a more in-depth understanding of material in many cases. Currently only about twelve percent of elementary and secondary school-age students are enrolled in private schools (Haertel 1). Religious preferences are also sometimes considered before school placement is decided. Because public schools do not allow prayer, some parents decide to send their children to private schools which are sometimes founded by Christians and even have study surrounding religious history. This fact plays a major role in the lives of some families. Often, this is the major reason children are sent to private schools. Proper funding is also an issue that has raised many questions. Some believe that the government should provide for private schools because the parents of the children pay taxes just like everyone else. On the other hand, many believe that because parents pay for their childrens schooling, those ins...

Where in the Country Should You Go to College

Where in the Country Should You Go to College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the biggest decisions you’ll make in the process of choosing a college is where in the country you’d like to be. There are some ways that location can impact your college experience and other ways that it can be irrelevant. I’ll give you an overview of why or why not location might matter to you and how you can make an informed choice about where to go! Why Might It Matter Where in the Country You Go to College? There are a few reasons why where your college is located might impact your experiences.Here are some things to consider. Your LocationWill Affect How Frequently You Can Visit Home If you choose to go to college in a part of the country that’s far from your hometown, you won’t be able to visit your parents and high school friends as often.You might have to spend some holidays apart from your family because of the costs and logistics of travel. If you go to college near where you live, you will probably be able to visit home and see your family very frequently.This can have its drawbacks if your parents are especially overbearing or you end up neglecting your social life at college and going home every weekend instead. Different Areas Are Better for Different Types of Career Opportunities If, for example, you want to go into the performing arts, it might be advantageous for you to be in a place like New York City for college.If you’re interested in computer science and the startup scene, you might fit better in the Bay Area in California. If you're interested in healthcare, you could consider going to school in a state like Massachusetts where there are many excellent hospitals. Certainareas of the country are known for their specialization in specific industries, so they might be better or worse places for you in terms of jobs andinternships. If you're already thinking about this in high school, it's officially time to mourn for your childhood. Cost of Living May Be Lower or Higher in Different Areas of the Country In general, it’s more expensive to live in coastal states, particularly in large cities.If you want to rent an apartment at some point in college, you’ll have a much easier time affording it in a Midwestern state than you willin New York City. Cities overall can end up costing you more money because of the price of going out to events and the temptation to eat off-campus all the time.New York City, San Francisco, and Washington D.C. lead the pack in term of the most expensive major US cities based on average rent and other costs of living. The Weather in Different Areas of the Country Varies Significantly This is a no-brainer, but it’s something to consider.In New England, you’ll experience the four seasons, but it might get extremely cold and unpleasant in the winter.In the South, you won’t have any problems keeping warm, but the heat can be brutal and seasonal changes are minimal.Some people might find that they’re happier in areas where it’s sunny and warm most of the time, and others might be eager to experience their first snowfall in college while sipping a mug of hot chocolate. Stop trying to make winter happen. It's not going to happen. Why Might It NotMatter Where in the Country You Go to College? Although there are some reasons to think about regional location as a factor in your college decision, you should also keep in mind that if the factors listed above aren’t important to you, your experiences won’t suffer based on where you are. You don’t need to be in a specific place to get a solid education. There may be more selective schools in certain areas, but there are at least a couple of schools in every region where the quality of your educational experience will be high.Some of the best schools are in remote areas that you wouldn’t think about, like Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, which is consistently ranked among the top liberal arts colleges in the country. Of course, this all depends on how strict your criteria is for a good school. If you're only interested in the top 20 colleges, most of them are in the northeast or on the west coast. If you expand your definition to include the top 200 colleges, it will be relatively easy to find a school that's up to your standards in any area of the country.Even if you think you’re an â€Å"East Coast† person or a â€Å"Southern† person, you’ll almost certainly meet students you can relate to in any geographical location.Although there may be different cultural norms in different parts of the country, you shouldn’t worry that you won’t find friends if you go somewhere new.At most colleges, there is a niche for every type of student.You might end up finding your best friends in a place you never expected! Much like this cleverly camouflaged owl, you will find your niche. WhereShouldYouGo to College? How Can You Decide? There are many factors that might play into this decision.Again, keep in mind that there is no â€Å"bad† area of the country for you to attend college. Where you are can make a difference in your experience, but it really comes down to personal preference.Here are a few questions you should ask yourself to guide your choices. How Comfortable Are You With Going Far From Home for College? This is probably the most significant question that goes into choosing the location of your college.If you want to visit home frequently, going to college on the other side of the country might be tough for you no matter how great the school is.If you're looking to get as far from home as possible, a school 3,000 miles away might be a better choice for you than a school that’s an hour away from your parents’ house. Going to school farther away from home can mean some tricky logistics in terms of transporting your belongings and organizing trips to see your family.Make sure you’re willing to navigate these issues and won’t be too bummed out if you can’t make it to Thanksgiving. Read this article for more advice on whether you should go to college close to home. Do You Have Any Specific Job Interests That Will Be Better Served in a Certain Area of the Country? As I mentioned, some parts of the country are known to provide the best opportunities in certain industries.If you already have some idea of what you want to study, you should investigate where you might go to be in the best place for internships and jobs in the industry.It’s possible to find opportunities for most job fields almost anywhere, but if you have strong convictions about your career path, it’s a good idea to position yourself strategically. If you’re still undecided in what you want to study, you shouldn’t worry too much about this! If you don't know what you love yet, that's okay. Your brain is still working on transitioning to adulthood. Are You Especially Concerned About the Costs of College? You don’t necessarily have to spend more money on college just because you’re in an expensive coastal city, but it’s likely enough that you should take it under consideration in your college decisions.If you’re hoping to live off campus at some point, you might want to avoid cities with really high rents. Costs tend to also be higher if you choose to go to college far from home but still plan on visiting semi-regularly. Plane tickets and shipping costs for your belongings can add up quickly. These factors may be of more or less importance depending on your financial aid situation and the scholarships colleges give you. Do You Have Any Climate Preferences? Which is worse in your opinion? Being too cold or being too hot?This shouldn’t play a huge role in your decision, but you might use it to guide your college search towards areas that fit better with your preferences.You probably shouldn’t go to school in Maine if you hate snow, and you probably shouldn’t go to school in Florida if you hate it when the air temperature makes you feel like you’re always in a sauna. Seasonal changes are also factors that might come into play.For example, since I grew up in Massachusetts, I have a lot of nostalgia surrounding fall in particular.Many traditions that come with the seasons are tied to changes in the weather that don’t happen in every area of the country. Apple picking and excessive apple consumption are both staples of my autumn experience. Conclusion "Where should I go to college?" is an important question. It may matter where in the country you go to college depending on how strong your preferences are for a certain type of experience.Some factors to consider include distance from home, potential job opportunities, costs of living, and weather patterns. One thing that the location of your college will not determine is the quality of your education. If you don’t feel very strongly about any of the factors listed, you shouldn’t worry too much about regional variation.As long as you love the school itself, you will have a great time in college no matter where you are! What's Next? Are you worried about the college application process? Take a look at my infographic showing the steps you'll need to take junior and senior year in order to successfully apply to college. How can you find a college that's the right fit for you? Read this guide to researching colleges to find out. College ranking lists have a strong hold on our perceptionsof the quality of different schools. Learn more about whether you should trust these lists when conducting your college research. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Provider Roles in Spiritual Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Provider Roles in Spiritual Care - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that the spiritual dimension of the client is strongly evident during illness, stress, difficulties, and end-life-care when people strongly needed the direction and comfort derived from their spiritual preferences. Faith and religion are essential components of a client’s spiritual dimension and health provider has the responsibility to have self-awareness of one’s spiritual preferences before integrating a non-biased spiritual care.This paper outlines that spiritual care is the most difficult task of a provider, specially the nurses. Most of the nurses lack adequate training for spiritual care giving and may influence the provision of adequate spiritual care. Healthcare providers such as nurses need to have formal education training or graduate programs in pastoral counseling or ministry in order to provide an excellent and competent spiritual care and to refer clients to other spiritual care providers as needed. Organizational team mem bers such as the Baptist Healing Trust aim to further the work of non-profit agencies in providing health services to vulnerable populations in Middle Tennessee. Members of the Baptist Healing Trust heal with love and compassionate care in accordance with the Christian tradition. In addition, staffs of the Baptist Healing Trust have the role of reiterating the importance of meeting health needs, providing human services, and balancing of excellence in skill and great compassion. The Baptist Healing Trust operates as a funding agency and requires partnership with the staff of non-profits to raise the standard of compassionate care. The Baptist Healing Trust also offers retreats, workshops, and consultation for organizational and culture change to continue the delivery of spiritual and health services to the vulnerable and underserved population of Middle Tennessee. The Baptist Healing Trust is the organizational team member of Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee. The organizatio n believed that true healing comes from deep compassionate care and charitable health care expressed through the preservation of humanity and dignity of each human being as a creation of God (Baptist Healing Trust, 2010, n.p.). The emergence of the healing hospital in Baptist Hospital follows the teachings of Jesus and the Good Samaritan. A hospital institution does not only prevent and cure diseases but also enriched the heart and spiritual needs of client. Spiritual health provider must have a servant’s heart that offers compassionate care, goes beyond the box to meet people’s needs, has commitment to organization’s values, mission, and vision, and expressed care in a continuous chain of light from care giver or provider to every patient, fellow caregiver, and one's

What Can One Person Do(IT IS NOT TITLE, JUST TOPIC) Research Paper

What Can One Person Do(IT IS NOT TITLE, JUST TOPIC) - Research Paper Example Studies have shown that â€Å"Urban sewage and industrial effluents to be the main factors responsible for deterioration of Ganga water quality† (Singh) It is a well known fact that natural resources are being exploited or abused in most parts of the world. And exploitation is carried out by humans themselves. One of the best examples of such exploitation of natural resources is the Ganges River in India. According to the CIA.gov, the water present in the Ganges River is considered as an essential resource to the India’s population, which is currently about 1.2 billion, is being massively polluted by them and misused as well. The reason due to which this pollution occurs is the overuse of the Ganges River. For what we see- is that River Ganges is heavily engaged in and used for carrying out religious customs and traditions. The Ganges River holds immense religious significance as well as the urbanization which is going around the surrounding of River Ganges. In my opinion, it is necessary that the River Ganges should be rescued from this pollution and its religious significance must remain sacred even if it means to stop and outmaneuver the religious practices in the River Ganges. Also, the economic development should be hampered in the area surrounding the river. According to Singh, he defines the River Ganges as the â€Å"trans-boundary† river of India and Bangladesh. It begins from a state of India named Uttarakhand and it clears and depletes into the Bay of Bengal. â€Å"It has total length 2,525 km river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India and go to Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh† (Rai) which makes it â€Å"the longest river of India and is the second greatest river in the world by water discharge† (Singh) It is believed that water is an essential but a scarce resource. In a country like India, clean water is a very scarce resource which is

Stop and search, and the Human Rights Act

Stop and search, and the Human Rights Act PART A The power of stop and search is a general term used to describe the powers of police or occasionally the officials to search the members of public in a various context without a warrant.[1] Such powers are governed primarily under Part 1 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE). [2] Besides PACE 1984, there are other legislation which governs the power of stop and search. For example, s23 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971[3], s60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (CJPOA)[4] and s47A of the Terrorism Act 2000 (TACT)[5]. The power of stop and search under TACT were previously governed under s44, but were ruled illegal by the European Court of Human Rights, stating that the power were too widely drawn and open to abuse.[6] S44 were than formally replaced with s47A by the Terrorism Act 2000 (Remedial) Order 2011[7] on the 18 March 2011, by more limited measures in England, Wales and Scotland. All legislations which governs police power of stop and search similarl y aim to prevent and deter crimes, however, there is still some difference in the regulations of such powers, between Part 1 of the PACE 1984 and s47A of the TACT 2000. Statistic showed that approximately 1.1 million stops and searches are recorded under Section 1 of the PACE 1984, in the year of 2011/2012. [8] No searches were made by the police in 2011/12 or 2012/13 in Great Britain under s47A of TACT.[9] A low detection rate alone does not necessarily undermine the use of stop and search powers. Proponents of the power, especially under terrorism legislation, argue that its use disrupts and deters criminal activity rather than simply detecting it.[10] The first and utmost obvious difference in the powers of stop and search in relation to both PACE 1984 and TACT 2000 are that both legislation have different aim of search. Part 1 of the PACE 1984 provides power to stop and search for a range of items including stolen property, offensive weapons, prohibited articles under s1(7) PACE, controlled drugs or evidence that a person is a terrorist.[11] Whereas, powers under TACT 2000 were to search for evidence of terrorism. An officer exercising the stop and search powers may only do so for the purpose of searching for evidence that the person concerned is a terrorist or that the vehicle concerned is being use for the purposes of terrorism, as opposed to the purpose under section 45(1)[12] of searching for articles of a kind which could be used in connection with terrorism. [13]. The meaning of terrorists are defined under section 40(1) (b) of the 2000 Act. In addition, the regulation of the power of stop and search are different in terms of the powers where exercisable. Under Part 1 of the PACE, the power of stop and search may be exercise by constable at any time, but only in public places, and non-dwelling places to which the public have ready access.[14] This includes public transport, museums, sports ground, cinemas, pubs, restaurants, night club, banks and shops. Whilst power of stop and search under S47A only allows a constable with uniform to search at a specific area for a defined period [15]with authorisation by an officer of ACPO rank who reasonably suspects that an act of terrorism will take place.[16] Next, the difference of regulations of both PACE and TACT in the power of stop and search by the police are the matter of authorisation. Under Part1 of the PACE, the constable are allow to conduct searches as long as they are having the reasonable ground of suspicion that relevant offences will be found. [17] There are no mention of needing authorisation by officer of a higher ranking before conducting stop and search unlike S47A of TACT. Under this section, authorisation by a senior police officer are essential before stop and search could be conduct by any constable in uniform. [18]Authorisation will only be given if an officer reasonably suspect that an act of terrorism will take place[19] and consider that the authorisation is crucial to prevent such an act and that the areas or places specified in the authorisation are no greater than is necessary and the duration[20] of the authorisation is no longer than is necessary to prevent such an act. The requirement for an authorisation are given in the Code of Practice[21] where an authorisation under section 47A may only be made by an officer of ACPO or ACPOS rank. The authorisation would include details of how the exercise of the powers is necessary to prevent the act of terrorism.[22] In most statutory provisions including PACE which grants police the power to stop and search, there is a requirement that the police must have a reasonable ground of suspicion that the person is in possession of an item of a specified kind. [23] Although there was no definition of reasonable ground of suspicion laid down in the legislation, Code of Practice A, under PACE had provided some sort of guideline as to what constitute reasonable suspicion. Para 2.2 explained that reasonable grounds for suspicion will depend on the nature in each case. [24] There must be some objective basis for that suspicion based on facts, information and/or intelligence that are relevant to the likelihood of finding an article of a certain kind.[25] Reasonable suspicion can never be supported on the basis of personal factors. Officers must rely on intelligence or information about or some specific behaviour by the person concerned.[26] For example the nature of the articles suspected of being carried, th e time and place where the person or vehicle is or the behaviour of the person suspected. The case of Howarth v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis (2011)[27] explained that reasonable cause for suspicion is a lower standard that which would be required to establish a prima facie case.[28] It allows police officer to take into account matter that would not be admissible as evidence. In comparison, the power conferred under S47A TACT 2000 can be exercised without reasonable suspicion. An authorisation by a senior police officer allows searches by any constable in uniform in specified areas or places without reasonable suspicion to find evidence related to terrorism. The authorisation would provide explanation which allows stopping and searching of individuals and/or vehicles without suspicion is necessary to prevent the suspected act of terrorism.[29] To conclude, although both PACE and TACT have different regulations in terms of the power of stop and search, however what remains the same is that the underlying principles of stop and search are intended to promote its use in a fair and effective manner. An officer may not search a person where there is no legal basis to do so, even with an individual’s consent. Stop and search must be done in a courteous and respectful manner and the length of detainment must be kept to a minimum even when the officer is lawfully entitled to search a person of vehicle. [30] PART B The Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) came into force in the United Kingdom in October 2000. [31]This legislation gives effect in the UK to certain fundamental rights and freedoms contained in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Under section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998, public bodies such as the court, police, local council and all other bodies carrying out the public functions must comply with the Convention rights. This means, individuals can now take human rights cases in domestic courts and they no longer have to go to Strasbourg to argue their case in the European Court of Human Rights.[32] With the HRA 1998 coming into force, the power of stop and search had made some impact on the regulation and use of the power of stop and search in some way. In relation to the use of power of stop and search, public bodies are required to exercise such power in compliance to the convention rights. The legal framework for protecting the fundamental human rights contained in the HRA 1998 allows the public to rely on the articles when they are being stopped and searched. When powers of stop and searched are exercise, the public bodies are required to exercise it in such a way that it is necessary and proportionate. [33]Article 5, 8 and 14 of the HRA 1998 would be more relevant in the matter of stop and search. Article 5 ensures the right to liberty and security of person. [34]The right in Article 5 is limited, which means that there are certain circumstances or situation where deprivation of liberty is lawful.[35] Article 8 protects people from arbitrary interference in their private and family right. [36] The act of being subject to a search, which may take place in public, and may include a search of a person, their clothing or personal b elongings will interfere with Article 8 rights. Article 8 is a qualified right, and Article 8(2) provides exceptions enabling interference with the right, for example in the interests of national security, or the prevention of crime.[37] Any interference with a person’s Article 8 rights will need to come within one of the exceptions allowed under Article 8(2), and be in accordance with the law, necessary and proportionate. In addition, Article 14[38] allows people to enjoy the Convention rights without any discrimination. In another words, individual must not be stopped or searched purely because of their race or religion. The power of stop and search would only be compatible with human rights if they are used legitimately and proportionately.[39] Evidence shows that stop and search powers that do not require reasonable suspicion, as well as those under PACE, may be used in a way that is discriminatory because certain ethnic communities are more likely to experience stop and search than others. However, the black and minority ethnic groups, particularly the black people, have for many years been disproportionately at the receiving end of police stop and search. Joel Miller in his article ‘Stop and Search in England, A Reformed Tactic or Business As Usual?’ suggested that the treatment towards the black and the minority had always been discriminatory. This is evident in surveys such as the Smith and Gray 1985, Willis 1983, Young 1994, and others. [40]The government statistics particularly from the Ministry of Justice 2009 had suggest that the black people in England and Wales in the year of 2007/2008 are more likely to be searched eight times more than white people and Asian people more than twice, for searches which requires reasonable ground of suspicion.[41] The power of stop and search under Terrorism Act 2000 were previously governed under s44, but were ruled illegal by the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Gillan and Quinton v United Kingdom[42]. After the incident of 911, the Home Secretary and senior police officers established the practice of making authorisations continually under section 44 to cover the whole of metropolitan London.[43] The police justified their act by claiming that there was now a generalised threat of terrorism in London and it was likely to manifest in any large-scale public gathering, and that it would be impractical to make narrower. In this case, Kevin Gillan and Pennie Quinton were attending a demonstration in London in the year of 2003. Both of them were stopped and searched by the police under S44 Terrorism Act 2000. They subsequently brought a judicial review regarding the power of stop and search on the basis that there was no evidence of terrorism showed by the protestor on that day. They claimed that the stop and search was an interference with their rights to liberty, respect for privacy, and the right to freedom of expression and assembly. [44]In March 2006, the House of Lords heard Gillan and Quintons appeal against the refusal of the lower courts to allow their claim. Lord Bingham and his fellow Law Lords ruled that section 44 was itself compatible with Convention rights, there were sufficient safeguards against arbitrary use of the power, and that there was no evidence that the section 44 power had been exercised unlawfully. [45] Gillan and Quinton took their complaints further to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. In January 2009, the Court ruled that the searches under section 44 had violated their right to respect for their private life under article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). [46] As a result of a legal challenge made by the European Court of Human Rights, and as a part of the UK government’s commitment to introduce safeguards against the misuse of powers under TACT, the Home Secretary conducted a review of these powers.[47] One of the recommendations of the review was that stop and search powers under section 44 of TACT should be repealed and replaced with a much more targeted and proportionate power. [48] The Home Secretary therefore made a remedial order under section 10 [49] of the Human Rights Act 1998 to make immediate changes to the legislation. This new power came into force on 18 March 2011.[50] Section 47A of TACT allows the police to stop and search persons in order to prevent acts of terrorism, without reasonable suspicion of their involvement in terrorism. Searches under this power may only be authorised in a specific area for a defined period where the police reasonably suspect an act of terrorism will take place.[51] Stop and search powers provided under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE), the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, the Firearms Act 1968 [52] and the Road Traffic Act 1988 [53]all require a reasonable suspicion that the person stopped is in possession of prohibited goods or has committed an offence.[54] By contrast, stop and search powers provided under section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 and section 47A do not require any grounds of reasonable suspicion. Although S47A can be said as an improvement of the previous law, however the power of stop and search without reasonable suspicion had always been an issue. Many are in the view that such power of stop and search without the need of reasonable suspicion is inherently incompatible with the Convention. [55]The justification is that the lack of any requirement for reasonable suspicion renders selection for stop and search arbitrary and invites discrimination in the exercise of the power.[56] Rabinder Singh QC, Professor Aileen McColgan and the Human Rights Watch are in the view that the nature of stop and search without the need for reasonable suspicion is incompatible with right to respect for private and family life under Article 8 of HRA 1998.[57] In their view, even with the best guidance to officers as to how to exercise the power, cannot be rendered compatible with Convention rights because of the irreducible arbitrariness of the selection of individuals to subject to the power.[58] In Human Rights Watchs view, the only human rights compatible power to stop and search is one which requires reasonable suspicion. The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) itself, however, does not appear to share this view that a power to stop and search without reasonable suspicion is inherently incompatible with Article 8 and other Convention rights. [59]In its submission, it recognises that there may be very exceptional circumstances in which it is necessary for there to be a power to stop and search without reasonable suspicion ,for instance to prevent a real and immediate act of terrorism or to search for perpetrators or weapons following a serious incident. [60] In terms of the protection under the power of stop and search, any individual who were searched unlawfully may seek a remedy under the Human Rights Act 1998 for an unjustifiable breach of their rights to liberty, respect for private life or to be free from discrimination. [61] All in all, the Human Rights Act 1998 had made some significant impact on regulations and use of the power to stop and search by the public bodies. It is safe to argue that the law in terms of the stop and search power had improved significantly, particularly S47A TACT 2000, which minimize the abuse of power and act in compliance with the Convention rights. With the legislation coming into force, it does not only provide guidelines to the authorities, it also provides momentous protection to the public when the power to stop and search are exercise on them. In any circumstances which the public authorities abuse or misuse the power to stop and search, judicial review would be a mechanism to hold them into account. It was suggested that, when there is misuse of power, judicial review offers the public a relatively quick, effective and inexpensive means of securing their rights through scrutiny of the lawfulness of police action by a specialist judge. [62]The bases on which it can be a rgued that the police have acted unlawfully were importantly expanded by the enactment of the Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998. [1] ‘Stop and search under the Terrorism Act 2000’ (Justice) http://www.justice.org.uk/pages/stop-and-search-under-the-terrorism-act-2000.html accessed 17 November 2014 [2] Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 [3] Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 [4] Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 [5] Terrorism Act 2000 (TACT) [6] Adam Wagner, ‘Stop and search powers under review as European Court reject UK appeal ‘ ( UK Human Rights Blog, 1 July 2010) http://ukhumanrightsblog.com/2010/07/01/stop-and-search-powers-under-review-as-european-court-reject-uk-appeal/ accessed 28 November 2014 [7] Terrorism Act 2000 (Remedial) Order 2011 [8] Home Office, ‘Statistics national statistics Police powers and procedures England and Wales 2011/12’ https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/police-powers-and-procedures-in-england-and-wales-201112/police-powers-and-procedures-in-england-and-wales-2011-12#stops-and-searches [9] ‘Statistics Operation of police powers under the Terrorism Act 2000 and subsequent legislation: Arrests, outcomes and stop and searches, Great Britain, 2012 to 2013’ (Home Office, 12 September 2013) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/operation-of-police-powers-under-the-terrorism-act-2000-2012-to-2013/operation-of-police-powers-under-the-terrorism-act-2000-and-subsequent-legislation-arrests-outcomes-and-stop-and-searches-great-britain-2012-to-20 accessed 20 November 2014 [10] Pat Strickland, ‘Stop and Search’ ( House of Commons Library , 23 January 2014) [11] Part 1 of Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, particularly s2, s7,s8 [12] S45(1) Terrorism Act 2000 [13]‘Does the Order remove the incompatibility?’ (Terrorism Act 2000 (Remedial) Order 2011: Stop and Search without Reasonable Suspicion Human Rights Joint Committee) http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/jt201012/jtselect/jtrights/155/15506.htm accessed 27 November 2014 [14] S4 , s5 PACE [15]Duration: The maximum period for an authorisation is 14 days. [16] Code of Practice under Terrorism Act 2000 [17] s1(3) PACE [18] Code of Practice under Terrorism Act [19] Kiron Reid, ‘Stop and Search’ (24 September 2014) [20] The maximum period for an authorisation is 14 days. [21] Code Of Practice (England, Wales And Scotland) For The Authorisation And Exercise Of Stop And Search Powers Relating To Section 47a Of Schedule 6b To The Terrorism Act 2000 [22] ‘Consultation Code Of Practice (Northern Ireland) For The Authorisation And Exercise Of Stop And Search Powers Relating To Sections 43, 43a And 47a Of The Terrorism Act 2000’ (Northern Ireland office, Febuary 2012) https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/136403/consultation_on_the_code_of_practice_for_stop_and_search_powers_under_the_.pdf accessed 25 November 2014 [23] S1(3) PAC 1984 [24] Code of Practice, para 2.2 PACE [25] Andrew Sander, Richard Young and Mandy Burton , Criminal Justice( 4th edn, Oxford University Press,2010) 84 [26] ‘Stop and search QAs’ (Policy Pages, 21 August 2014) http://www.met.police.uk/foi/pdfs/priorities_and_how_we_are_doing/corporate/stop_search_qa_august2014.pdf accessed 25 November 2014 [27] Howarth v Commissioner of Policeof Police of the Metropolis[2011] EWHC 2818 [28] Andrew Sander, Richard Young and Mandy Burton , Criminal Justice ( 4th edn, Oxford University Press,2010) 157 [29] Code of Practice under Terrorism Act 2000 [30] Avon and Somerset Constabulary, ‘Stop and Search’ www.bathnes.gov.uk/sites/default/files/stop_search_notes.doc accessed 24 November 2014 [31] Equality and Human Rights Commission, ‘ The Human Rights Act’ http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/your-rights/human-rights/what-are-human-rights/human-rights-act accessed 22 November 2014 [32] Equality and Human Rights Commission, ‘ The Human Rights Act’ http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/your-rights/human-rights/what-are-human-rights/human-rights-act accessed 22 November 2014 [33] ‘Article 8 : The right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence’ ( Human Rights Review 2012) http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/documents/humanrights/hrr_article_8.pdf accessed 24 November 2014 [34] Article 5 HRA 1998 [35] Article 5 : The right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence’ ( Human Rights Review 2012) http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/documents/humanrights/hrr_article_5.pdf accessed 24 November 2014 [36] Article 8 HRA 1998 [37] Article 8 : The right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence’ ( Human Rights Review 2012) http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/documents/humanrights/hrr_article_8.pdf accessed 24 November 2014 [38] Article 14 HRA 1998 [39] ‘Human Rights Thematic Review on the use of police powers to stop and search and stop and question under the Terrorism Act 2000 and the Justice and Security (NI) Act 2007’ (Northen Ireland policing Board) http://www.nipolicingboard.org.uk/stop_and_search_thematic_review__final_draft__15_october_2013.pdf accessed 24 November 2014 [40] Joel Miller, ‘Stop and Search in England, A Reformed Tactic or Business As Usual?’ (2010) 50 British Journal of Criminology 954 [41] Ben Bowling and Coretta Phillips, ‘Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search’ ( Modern Law Review,2007) http://www.stop-watch.org/uploads/documents/modern_law_review.pdf accessed 27 November 2014 [42] Gillan and Quinton v. UK 4158/05 [2010] ECHR 28